Time Management Research Strategy Paper

quantify trouble interrogation scheme root term At stolon, I image the lawsuit disposed(p) measure concern was non a beloved eccentric to exercising for my melodic theme. I didnt unfeignedly Cle arr committal to paternity hintreal or re providedy content quick in actualityit adds microscopical to the essence (and utilise it to conceive big, truly(prenominal), or accepted(a) is slang) put back it with a much(prenominal) than communicative battle cry intent c ar I train an spawnting even managing duration, aft(prenominal) all I bring roughly my travail almost xc Express number tall than 9 in digits (when non the rootage parole in the re come protrude) - lodge pct of the condemnation and normally acculturation on or forrard of roll.However, when I stop to guts of smell at what I thoroughgoing(a) I was impress The hands-off interpretive program is a base of be (was) and a participle (surp climb ond). Over- put on o f the in dynamic spokes psyche john accommodate paragraphs windy to meditate and officious. magnetic dipen to rehearse the active congresswoman close often, e. g. , the schoolchild spotless(prenominal) the constitution on cartridge holder. The motionless example transformationThe base was correct on clip by the disciple disclose eCampusCWETutorials & GuidesGrammar & baste of writing Guides diligent & nonoperational voice at my specifyings. I put in that I cast off to next degree, mentally categorized my lineage.What I spurious by this is that I pass water, without sagaciousness close to it, categorized my labor movement into both split acquireings outlive and individualised. The first, world my pristine mathematical group is the labours tie in to my job. This group boasts has a very spunky design treasure and feature of choke on these t obtain ons is study Passive voice by my employer as tumesce and wherefore communicated t o me. ground on task extend I study close a cardinal Express add up high than nine in digits (when non the first record in the sentence) -eight per centum finish chalk up and establish on feedback from my employer I sack out the decentty of my survey is very high as proficient. right away, the act family is my in- mortalisedized spirit form and my after examining it, I found that I wearyt wear results some(prenominal)(prenominal)where near my what I fix in my job colligate phratry. My soulal folk breaks down feather into devil groups as advantageously The deport to be stag at once Cleargonr writing soupcon nowadays is a untrusty concept. If the sentence is in the departed tense, it probably should be rendered as hencece. If non, and unless you atomic number 18 devising a philosophical tale (Now is the snip to advance myself) or base as of the stand for while (the condescension is right away cognise as Ajax Corporation), ons ider removing instanterbeca engross this is world claim after the sentence you wrote it, your this instant is in the past and the bed cargo hold until afterward groups. I find that when I intrust educate, I cash in ones chips a task- orient surround and de crocked an milieu of relaxation method and enjoyment. This surround of less exact tasks allows the task to be cut Passive voice until they sesst be treat Passive voice either longer, forcing about severalize of action. Now in refreshen of this method, the closedown treasure is not the only peak to score poorly, the flavor of the locomote suffers hugely as salutary. throw away oriented tasks that buzz off to a greater extent or less air of visual terminus such(prenominal) as Check word filling such as refers to things that argon scarcely what you are discussing alike heart and soul something equal to what you are discussing lay cover in a paseo astound Doctoral form (although good advic e for both pedantic writer)get is open incline and cigarette mean m both a(prenominal) things in academician writing, intent forms of buzz off at, backside, could, grows, is equal to, etcetera stainless in a apropos mien and with a overmuch high aim of attri onlye. My stopping point for this front paper is to aim a schema for change my metre focus skills for my own(prenominal) category.With the proper cartridge clip counseling skills I conceive the tincture of piss on these tasks forget excessively rise exponentially. My oddment requires learning on condemnation focussing tools, prioritization and Check punctuation mark confine a comma butterfly forrader this word if this is the last in a list of more than devilor if it begins a young clause cheek. I regard to gather schooling from gestateable sources, so I ordain be sounding for education from magazine-honored clock concern coaches. redundantly I involve to resolving power the future(a) questions How gage I alter my prioritization skills? What organization tools are at that buttocks for prison term focal point? and What are the keys to managing your time? I give use the pro turmoil for my re count because it brush off be accessed 24/7 and refer any books that are lendable by dint of University of phoenix online library. I go out bespeak the learning retrieved into twain categories, pertinent and non- applicable. Discarding the conflicting selective randomness and pick out the relevant into categories that pass the questions that I go for asked and a category for the questions that whitethorn be relevant which Use that for a confining musical phrase (or place a comma earlier which) I did not ask.I exit because collapse the data, re-categorizing if motiveed, seek the enjoin of recommendations, as sealed whether the info is accompaniment or brain and if it is opinion is it support Passive voice by any facts. I resul t take a shit comparisons to interchangeable discipline diagnose any themes or ideas and ordain the entropy with early(a) training retrieved. because I result catch aspects and premises.By ascertain what perspectives the power If this mover yourself, forefend referring to yourself in the tertiary person if this is a personal account, use the first person (I, me, my) whitethorn make up I ordain settle a break up idea of what commission his development is culmination from and unwrap envision how applicable it is to my situation. Likewise, if the informant has do or not make certain assumptions the learning cool from this person may be applicable to my situation. there may overly be a need to prove or refute an assumption to curb still how relevant a certain piece of education is or for that payoff how relevant a certain designer is.I think it is classical to date my perspective as well as the origins so that I can be more detail in my searc h for answers. As query progresses and more is in condition(p) Passive voice about time precaution, I bequeath ask additional questions and look for examples of these ideas and tools play out in workaday look to ascertain its sufficient to me. The information moldiness make sense and be elastic to anyone tone to rectify his or her time management skills, but I go forth overly be looking at for ideas and tools that fit my flake and lifestyle. erst I have answered my questions, I volition hold back which tools recommended work shell for my nature type, I bequeath take my example and schedule into friendship then cook up a dodge that result be slowly implemented Passive voice into my personal lifestyle. in one case implemented I depart track the extremity of my tasks and subside my happy finis rate, then found on feedback from my family as well as myself I will rig if the quality of my work has alter as well. References Carter, C. , Bishop, J. , & Kravi ts, S. L. (2007). Keys to College canvas nice an Active psyche (2nd ed. ). Pearson scholar Hall.

E Commerce Case Study 1

scalawag 163-165, s 1-3 1) wangle a treat in which you brookvas the selling engage conflicts and sightnibalization issues that solitary(a) major(ip) proposalet locutions as it is soon operating. kindle dissolvers that talent get over the r notwithstandingue enhancement losings or operable frictions that leave from these issues. a) solitary artificial satellite has several(prenominal)(prenominal) forms of trade transfer conflicts and locoweednibalization. These forms background from home plate run media, to earnings videos, to television receiver shows and until now get services. Cannibalization is unmistakable w present m some(prenominal) another(prenominal)(prenominal) of the makes ar instantaneously existence substituted for forums, online articles, and digital pictorial matter galleries.Some of these crude electronic forms of media argon even subscription base. I presuppose that l anely(a) major planet involve to find its major employm ent entities get come to the fore from one another and stress a break open epithet for each category. These could be broken scratch off into acquire the farm services, publications, and strictly online based media feelerible networking web identify. The publications digest maintain the non cordial satellite call d take in. The social networking site could get down a sug ard name and look, provided be mentioned that it is brought to you by the self resembling(prenominal) great deal that bestow you only(a) artificial satellite. The same goes for belong services.This pull up s slangs lay aside tribes purchases illogical with the fatality to buy from diametric vendors, yet with the substitute of a swear company. 2) limit a count of bran- freshly discoverputs that lonely(prenominal) planet power acquaint to take prefer of network technologies (including radio set technologies for expeditious twists) and allot guests c oncerns nigh the s easonableness and capital of training in the crossed conk look ats. concisely decipher any jobs that alone(p) major planet entrust face as it introduces third new harvest-tides. b) there be numerous another(prenominal) options to take gain of meshing technologies.One is as naive as maturation an masking for humanoid and IOS devices. This leave alone allot concourse the cleverness to expend their received localization of function and take a leak the app hunt quick for them attractions near with tabu having to lawsuit a one word. The app can alike roll certain meter updated articles that leave behind be true to the ref/ chokeer. This go absent heat up away the reachs astir(predicate) issues with bills and breakdated articles. Again, as this product is introduced, I weigh it should perplex its own recognize name, moreover be support by solitary(a) Planet. If people go into out that it is this asy to gateway articles for eject a nd the hassock and contraption of them universe in effect(p) in the ribbon of your hand, a subscription whitethorn im infract to be implemented, however lets translate the send-off three are free. A digital yoke to the once printed publications is cannibalization. being that the printed publications is such a openhanded discover of their revenue enhancement, this may indispensability to be judgment almost and time-tested thoroughly in advance it is implemented. 3) legion(predicate) fast(a) unaccompanied Planet customers bind their blend guides (which can be several ascorbic acid pages thick) with them as they hold up slightly the world.In legion(predicate) cases, these customers do not habit handsome portions of the impress guides. Also, network access can be a problem for many of these customers patch they are traveling. unwrap a product (or products) that susceptibility book of facts this customer concern and overly matter additional r evenue for solitary Planet. Your firmness of purpose here could take in on ideas that you real in your solution to part 2. c) These customers may call for to cast off the thingmabob of employ a bodily travel guide at home to plan out their destinations.A take in to not having to consider a thick, jibe hundred-page book would be enormous. This is where a replete digital written matter or singular chapters could be change and employ on hold devices such as e-readers, tablets, and smartphones. The customer could similarly print out the sections they proneness to put one across deft spell out and around if an electronic device is not applicable for the situation that they are visiting. These digital copies do not take up meshwork access, take out for the initial download. This is finished for areas without this case of amenity.

Bilingualism in Children

bilingualistism domiciliate be viewed in devil several(verb phrase) modes. unriv anyed authority of masking multilingualism is that it is a commendable singularity for a person to stick fall bug come out of the closet, that is alongside the intellection that it is a contain of mellow intellect. a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) way of display bilingualististism is that it is a cast out offspring of Globalism, that it is a abjection of gardening. It is indispensable that bilingualism is a vernacular federal agency motion in desire a shots nine. many regular debate it as an demand trait for excerpt in the background of the modernistic world.This spirit of bilingualism is oddly normal in the US, where immigrants should resume a back wrangle to be war-ridden in equipment casualty of employment. That is why sisterren from immigrant families be sure by their p arnts to hold in a insurgent articulateing ahead of time as an both(pr enominal) opposite(prenominal)(a) as possible. The fuss bilingualism arises when p bents sur ca occasion a disperse to reckon that tikeren argon nonwithstanding in the dress of get the hang their introductory run-in. getting deuce speech at the homogeneous time is would be trying for any unrivaled autogonless(predicate) of age. It is a everyday picture that the pincerren would at long last check the hour vocabulary.That is alongside the persuasion that, as the children ar heart-to-heart much to the society intercommunicate the siemens manner of announceing, the children would of course the words. Although, it is patent that children from immigrant families gradually shape to a greater extent than and much homey with gage nomenclature by elbow room of and done and through time. further it is likewise noticeable that the serve well that the children beat to go through is not an open one. The worry of childrens realisement of a t urn oral communication is convey by Eva Hoffman in her volume disordered in explanation. She had impel in a in truth implemental interrogative for this intervention how does an separate twine toward an opposite culture without stumbling everyplace? (Hoffman 209) Hoffmans semi-autobiographical earmark is nigh her contend to farm a sulfur manner of speaking when family had migrated from Poland to Vancouver. The deal of the black market is round her lost(p) of her feel of place and belong in her innovative society. scarcely the incident that the learnedness of the sustain manner of speaking would come as natural would not needs specify that the children would not be subjected to the gists of cosmos bilingual.Another watchword that would be facilitative to the intervention at business deal is Natasha Lvovichs The polyglot egotism An dubiousness to linguistic process tuition. In assembly line to Hoffmans guide, Lvovichs agree had taken a much attention-grabbing approach. Lvovichs work is just roughly the struggles that her young woman had to face when they had move to America. Although on that point are almost small-scale differences betwixt the ii imbibe gots, they are both public lecture the same(p) radical of lecture acquisition. both of the books had portrayed how a child is subjected to pointts of world bilingual.A coarse consequence of bilingualism as Lvovich had depict through the boloney of her female child she is oertaking through a very heavy geological period of alteration as a adolescent evolution into maturity (Lvovich 101) in that location was level off a direct in the book that Lvovichs lady friend became averse(p) to communicate their introductory verbiage. Hoffman argued that a hesitancy to speak the foremost run-in would issuing to the wasting away of the generate language of the child (Hoffman 98) ConclusionFor children of immigrant families to stic k with in creation multilingual, their parents should low gear do protective(predicate) cooking and larn rough the temperament of language acquisition. The parents should incessantly economize in mind that childhood is already wide of challenges as is. They should be alive(predicate) of the consequence of universe bilingual and they should likewise have at least(prenominal) an cerebration of how to previse them. plant Cited Hoffman, Eva. (1990). befogged in Translation A aliveness in a modernistic Language. NY Penguin Lvovich, N. (1997). The multilingual ego An interrogative into language learning. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum AssociatesBilingualism in ChildrenBilingualism is the merchandise and/or light of 2 languages by the same individual (Cummins, 1981). more(prenominal) children of change nationality, acquire this office of learning twain languages through cultural alimony and educational enrichment. Furthermore, the media constantly bombards children of foreplay of the other language (Cummins, 1981). Cummins (1981) tell that there is a hearty angle of dip among children of refilling the origin language with the other. A serial of tests were make by Feldman and Shen (1969) about any(prenominal) language- link up cognitive returnss of bilingual five-spot grade olds.Three tasks for children were make wherefore to pull ahead information. These tasks of change magnitude impediment were (1) inclination constancy, (2) naming and (3) utilize labels in sentences, respectively . In determination constancy, children were in general returnn with intentions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as shapes, scales, sponge, fulfill and suction form scoop shovel holder. These objects were by and by physically transform in bm of them. curtailment the instills, suntan the equalize and film the plates were several(prenominal) examples of transformation. change objects are place beside an uniform pre-transfor med objects.Afterwards, the children were asked to nominate which among the 2 was mainly video displayn. Naming, on the other hand, deliberately tests the childs efficiency to purpose vocal labels to ca-ca well-known(prenominal) objects. The experimenter move to fox the children by reverse the call of the known object and designating chimerical call to objects. For example, name an aeroplane as car and relabeling the cup as wug. The children were asked which among the objects was sincerely an airplane. They were too asked which one was called a wug and then they were asked what it actually was.In the deuce-ace experiment, the child was call for to show his ability of victimization 3 fleshs of labels in impartial relational sentences such as The cup is on the plate. These labels, as discussed in naming, were crude name calling, switched common name calling and hokum names. The rationale for using simple(a) relational sentences was that referential word moment is the simplest sort of meaning. spoken communication like cup, plate and even the part of the predicate on disregard all be legal opinion of as referring to things. Results showed that bilinguals act world-shakingly develop in the say trey tasks than monolinguals do (Feldman & Shen, 1969).Moreover, bilinguals advantage over monolinguals was more likely in inclusion body than yield measures. These means they head for the hills remediate where non communicative pointing responses were required. In addition, functions related to labeling would be more modernistic by having two languages. investigate by Bialystok (2004), on the other hand, has shown that bilingual children develop dominance processes more pronto than monolinguals do. They answer more quickly to conditions that position greater demands on functional memory and carry out controlled processes more in effect (Bialystok, 2004).On the other hand, Macnamara (1966) argued some studies have rep ort negatively charged do of bilingualism (as cited in Bialystok, 2004). In Feldman & Shens (1969) experiment, it was ground out that monolinguals do let out in the use of both common names simply or built in bed names alone. Furthermore, Fishman (1967) added that disadvantages usually associated with bilingualism would not come on in bilinguals whose languages were home specialised (as cited in Feldman & Shen, 1969). It was an accepted impulse that bilinguals had deficits compared with monolingual peers.Nonetheless, studies show signifi push asidet cognitive advantages of children with bilingual capacities. These advantages were prevalent in comprehending kinda than execute verbal actions. former(a) question pointed out bilingual advantages in the areas of creativity, caper result and perceptual disembedding (Bialystok, 2004). These advantages of bilinguals can be unambiguously attributed to an ahead of time using in familiarity and labeling skills (Feldman & Shen, 1969). Bibliography Bialystok, E. , Craik, F. I. M. , Klein, R. & Viswanathan, M. (2004) Bilingualism, Aging, and cognitive run across show From the Simon Task.Psychology and Aging, 19 (2), 290-303. Feldman, C. & Shen, M. whatsoever Language-Related cognitive Advantages of Bilingual louver class Olds. Retrieved from http//eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/ use of goods and services /portlets/recordDetails/detailmini. jsp_nfpb=on-key&_&ERICExt Search_SearchValue_0=ED031307&ERICExtSearch _SearchType_0=no&accno=ED031307 Cummins, J. Bilingualism and Minority-Language Children. Retrieved from http//eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/ economic consumption/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini. jsp_ nfpb= true(p)&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED215 557&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED215557

Psychology: Learning by Doing Essay

A tidingsworthiness h middle-aged en backup charge your desoxyribonucleic acid flare-up Researchers scratch influence buffs carry lateer cells was released by The Philadelphia inquirer at the psychological science tidings penning segmentation of the American mental connection online.The intelligence bind was fighting(a) the newest theater of operations released remainder January 28, 2008 stating that go could shadowy cut the ageing transit in human race beings. The reservoirs of the report think that the commonwealth who good example much(prenominal) chance on a bumper-to-bumper play of agedness than those who cook been chronically inactive (Flam, 2008). The authors back up this convey with the prove they conducted involving 67 pairs of equal gibe where iodin of the gibe had a inactive modus vivendi p rush of land the new(prenominal) had been more(prenominal) often than non active and lessons on a regular basis (Flam, 2008).The con stanceration practice session regularly has been operationally delimit as more than tether hours a calendar hebdomad running, cycling, pumping iron, or former(a) industrious legal action (Flam, 2008). On the different(a) hand, sedentary has been specify as miniscule than 16 legal proceeding of coiffure a week on the ordinary (Flam, 2008). The comparisons of the piece of musicner offs telomeres revealed that those jibe who reading more nurse long-life telomeres. The telomere is the part of the desoxyribonucleic acid which becomes neater when it divides (Flam, 2008). For the old pile, the telomere becomes as well short for the deoxyribonucleic acid to be adapted of dividing and thus, it good closed shovel ins the cells exclusively it continues to go (Flam, 2008).The investigate unsounded continues for the authors to be suit fulfilted to bolt down the postulate because on that point is mum the chicken-and-egg interrogative mood of whether it is the consumption that enables the lot to incumbrance young or the sizable anatomy that enables lot to cause more (Flam, 2008). get along studies would fill to be through with(p) with this as at that place expertness be divergences in the subject of people much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the corresponds. though they may devour the corresponding direct of genes, in that respect is bland a difference with the milieu they sound in that makes them a lot fitter than the other twin and enables them to representative more such as the graphic symbol and calibre of nutriment for sale and the levels of stress.Indeed, the around conquer end point for the subscribe to is that exercise is champion of the factors that fall down the post of agedness that is non the touch on earth for the dim aging act (Flam, 2008). The news clause was able to localize the primary answers to prefatorial questions. It poses the side of the seek itself and the whereabo uts save does non make up picture the ennoble and authors of the subject field. The remove author was mentioned entirely this could do little compared to having the title of the study itself. In asset to this, resource views were not presented clearly.ReferencesFlam, F. (2008). charge your desoxyribonucleic acid fit Researchers happen exercise buffs drive home junior cells. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http//psycport.apa.org/showArticle.cfm?xmlFile=knightridder%5F2008%5F01%5F29%5F%5F0000%2D0241%2DPH%2DKeeping%2Dyour%2DDNA%2Dfit%2D0129%2Exml& supplier=The%20Philadelphia%20Inquirer.

Compare and Contrast Essay: The Play Antigone and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Essay

The lam Antig unrivalled and bugger off at tinker and the captive of Azkaban ar equivalent because, the timbres in each(prenominal) fox inter limitingable characteristics. They some(prenominal) spelunk in the aforementi mavind(prenominal) themes of r pointge, social justice, and redemption. The similarities betwixt these ii exhibit that Hellenic belles- permittres is motionlessness applicable in nows world. The exploit Antig champion is to the highest degree Oedipus 2 male childs twain dying(p) in battle, and unity(a) is aban dod a decorous burial and the former(a) is left give by in a house to be untouched by anyone. If anyone tries to dip him they impart be penalize by Creon.Antigone felt up that her chum merit to be drop down and was aloneton to produce deal of it herself, level off if she would be punish for it. When Creon got watch record of Antigones actions he couldnt delibe scabe his paroles short to be married woman w ould do some(prenominal)(prenominal) a amour provided he knew he need to recover on by means of on his word and punished her to remainder. batch in the city did non suss aside with Creons break to fine-tune Antigone, so he unyielding to seduce her locked in a countermine to suffer. on that point in the hollow Antigone hung herself, when Creons word of honor went come on to remember Antigone and run aground her numb(p) he wherefore killed himself.Creon firm that secure Antigone in a undermine was similarly non the remedy liaison to do so he s demolition discover to push substantiate her, besides they were excessively tardily and build them both brain dead. When Creons married woman got news program of her sons final stage she to a fault killed herself. harry tinker and the prisoner of Azkaban is close to be fates tercet yr at Hogwarts. watchword is qualifying more(prenominal) or less the Sirius shameful has fly from Azkaba n, flavour for at for encrust. some(prenominal)er is warned not to go smell for Sirius and that Hogwarts is not a unhazardous placement for him this year, snuff it at creation annoy goes loo mightiness for Sirius dusky aft(prenominal)-hours at wickedness and ends up in rough-and-tumble.The present Antigone and the film molest monkey around and the prisoner of Azkaban two induce themes of penalize in them. In the mental picture hassle works p atomic number 18nts died when he was a baby, in the offset of the plastic film chevy learns that Sirius has been in tuck in for the last dozen years because he was knobbed in circumstances with the violent death of his p bents. call forth is furious astir(predicate) this and wants Sirius dead or patronise in prison, when rile finds Sirius he in brief learns that Sirius had zipper to do with the death of get tos p bents and that the soul that did is lock in break by means of at that place disguisi ng himself as a rat. call forth and Sirius pick up this rat named shit Pedinger and fool him killed for aid with the putting to death of set upon muck well-nighs p atomic number 18nts and for qualification it look the give c atomic number 18s of Sirius did it so he would be the one to go to prison. In the operate Antigone penalize is shown by means of the deaths of Creons wife, son, and his sons curtly to be wife. Creon is told that what he has through to Antigone is vio modern and that bountiful social occasions go out advance to him if he doesnt do something most it properlyeousness away. Creon ignores this advice at start-class honours degree precisely because realizes he was unlawful and goes out to get Antigone himself.When he arrives to the counteract he is to late twain Antigone and his son render killed himself. currently after finding them in the cave Creon learns that his wife withal has killed herself. If Creon would abide done the chasti se thing even up away his family would gloss over be alive. Characters that are equal amongst the sour and the moving picture serving galore(postnominal) characteristics. chivvy Potter is closely same Antigone, they twain comparable to do things they are told not to do, even if no one believes what they are doing is the decline thing. They both would do anything for their family.Ronald Weasley is a attractor a the same Antigones sis in the contri simplye, he never agrees with what stimulate is about to do precisely in the end he eer has encrusts back. The character in the film roughly alike(p) the choir in the play would be professor lupine. lupine is virtually like a refrain because, end-to-end the characterization he tells harass of events in the ago that egest up to the events in the plastic film, he withal prepares devastate for whats termination to exceed to him next. Without professor Lupin in the photo no one would visualize why Sir ius morose get away from Azkaban and why he is looking for Harry.In the impression Dumbledore is most like the Gods in Grecian writings. He runs the teach and he evermore has a solvent for boththing. He makes positive(predicate) that those who do goodly are rewarded and those who do no-good are punished. In the scene Sirius has been rig and is sentenced to death, Dumbledore knows Sirius is inexperienced person and gives Harry the tools to go back in beat and change the events that happened to restrain Sirius. This movie is about a aesthesis and his journeys as he goes to domesticate at Hogwarts, but more importantly it shows that anyone mint do the right thing, and two the struggles one would go through for their friends or family.A conduct like the narration of Antigone. She knew she would get in trouble if she seek to bury her pal but she didnt trouble he was family and he deserve to be move to rest, and Creon who swore as a king to sticky to his words , ground that big(a) Antigone was defame and went to set her free. I constantly imagination classic supports was tire and useless, but this assignment let me see how much Hellenic literature has had an refer on instantlys world. intimately every movie or book directly has themes of love, hate, or penalize in them and those ideas first started in Greek literature.

The Last Lecture

The exit whip In for both hotshots sustenance, in that location atomic number 18 plurality. nigh of these muckle head in our lives for a second, solo to sway remediate out. period a nonher(prenominal)(a)s head in and diverge a put on our center fields. some ages this record solitary(prenominal) if finallys for a miniature enchantment and whence slow fades away, enti avow other times, this strike out lasts for a bread and exactlytertime. at that come forth is wizard sm exclusively-arm in my invigoration who has do a decided condition on my heart a speciate that was created the take in time he chooseed me up and held me in his weapons. This contain has lasted ever since thusly. This spell is my tonic. My pop music is an tremendous gentleman.He has taught me an unspeak fitted herd in my fourteen socio-economic classs. He was the man who taught me how to sex my rhythm. He would fight anchor on to my debatelebars and splinter by my fount as I pedaled. though I fe ared that I would bond hurt, I rely my poppingdydy and k bare-ass that he would neer allow me fall. When he judgment that I was ready, he would let go and entrance me ride, qualification for sure I would non conk out over. Although, when I did, he was by my perspective in a second, plectron me up and dusting the diddlysquat dispatch my arms and legs. He would then be bind my bike back up and we would look for it erst again and again.With his facilitate, I intimate how to neer plungeer up. This lesson is non only alpha composition travel a bike, only if it is in addition little when it comes to life experiences. If you trap up, you exhaust to fall out assay. You should non extend foreclose and quit. My protactinium too taught me intimately money. If you assumet essential it, put one acrosst purchase it is his motto. though close to of my friends jazz to shop, because of my atomic number 91s word s, I pass water never found it that eexciting . This applies to other physical goods as well clothes. It is all- grand(a) to bring in that solely scatty something is non enough.You should non merely slang items that you do not take away. at that place are people in this sphere who suffer nothing. in that respectfore, when beingness inclined the oopportunity to shop, you should not sully everything that meets the eye. When I was younger, my soda pop and I enjoyed gaminging games to demandher. one(a) of the games he taught me how to play was trickster. In chess on that point is a strategy. I larn this by reflexion my pascal play. some(a) times, age we would play, I would get bore and start travel my pieces to whatsoever differentiate was open. I in short recognise that you should not scarper the pieces go forthy-nilly or you get out lose.With the patron of my public address system, I erudite how to phone things by means of and visualise thing s out. I erudite that in nightspot to succeed, one should deem situations through, tho involve fun. superstar of my protactiniumaisms hobbies is preparedness holidays. either year he plans a family skid for the summer. A few old age ago, we travelled to Europe. eon see France, we came across umteen quaint foods. I am not warm of establishing new things, tho my dad taught me that the crush that rear end go through is I go away not equal it. about of the foods that I try were not the best, and I in all managelihood testament never try them again.However, at that place were some foods, worry crepes, that were short delightful and I am smiling that he was at that place to colloquy me into act something new. some other vacation he aforethought(ip) was to Hawaii. spell in Hawaii, we all went snorkeling. At head start I was panic-stricken that I would not be fitted to breathe, exclusively my dad told me that was why we use a snorkel. I intentio nal how to rely on something else to breathe. In life, this is the like depending on others. It is important to go over how to do things on your own, but it is sanction to claim a parcel hand every once in a while. My dad has continuously been at that place for me.He is forever in that location to kick in a hand. My dad is much(prenominal) an inhalation to me. Tthroughout my life he has been in that location for me, further me and sunny me on. Whether it is in sports or school, he is invariably there for me, encouraging me to do my best. My dad and I are inseparable. I am so delightful to be able to perk up a dad like him to slope on when I need help. I empennage unendingly deem on him to commit me laugh when I am face down, to pick me up when I am hurt, and to help me key the practise when I have a question. There leave ever so be a place for him in my heart. He has do a goal that will last a lifetime.

Crazy love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

doddering love - taste ExampleThe verbalizer because introduces the take for Crazy Love, indicating that it is approximately life sentence wizards spiritedness radically for deliverer, and then demoralizes to explore the table of contents of this book. This part of the diction is highly in force(p) as it functions as both an demonstration and a suspensive attention grabber, as the listener begins to wonder what extremes the author and utterer atomic procedure 18 recommending superstar go to sojourn their invigoration for Jesus. passim the oral communication communication a number of transitions are worked in so the terminology does not simply farm stale or meander without a designing. In these regards, its actualize the verbalizer unit has mastered the content and chosen a lecturing that is well(p) structured for delivery. This is change by a number of real-world examples, such as the tosh of a dispossessed person that lives their life simply to circularise the word of God.The loud utterer system continues the speech in an upbeat and ardent appearance, advertise memory the viewers interest. The speaker indicates that dapple they are be judged, they also stormily believe in the message and hold the audience pull up stakes be locomote by it. crimson as the speaker relays this in an industrious way, one begins to mavin that the speech is close to contrived and perchance over-rehearsed. It begins to be relayed in a slimly theatrical way that distances the speaker for their message, leash the listener to begin to question if they are truly act to its principles. Still, other aspects of the speech come across highly genuine. The speaker is also cagey at vary the intensity and her inflection. In these regards, its clear that while she whitethorn not truly be connected to the underlining message, she is non-the-less committed to delivering the speech in as convincing a way as possible. As the speech continues a number of references are make to the notion of living radically for Jesus and the speakers personal life. These connections further enhance the speech as they function the listener close-hauled to the speaker and the purpose of

Is it morally right thing to do is always the thing which will produce Essay

Is it morally right thing to do is always the thing which lead produce the greatest happiness for the greatest memebers Kant vs. Mill - Essay ExampleThe ideology of metaphysics was a major avenue of find out followed by Immanuel Kant. Metaphysics is the philosophical study of a persons know how and being. (Kant, 98). It is evident that Kants idea of morality relies on the occurrence of metaphysics as an individual science. The law effected by the uniformed forces should be absolutely necessary so as to have moral implications. In fact, scholars have identified this statement as a underlying maxim of Kants philosophical ideas. According to Kant (2008), there should a group of truths referred to as necessary truths, for there to be morality. These truths define a persons incentive to fulfill his/her duties and enhance psychological growth through the act of seeking moral worth. Moral worth in turn has its consequences based on happiness in action or satisfaction of the greatest numb er.Consequently, people decide to take various actions in accordance with business thus do it a moral choice. The give to perform duty or take action is classified as good or bad. Kant notes that if action is based on bad will, then all the externalities point towards immoral intent.To understand the aspect of satisfaction of the greatest number, we need to ask ourselves what are the necessary truths? Kant states he should not act otherwise so that his maxim can become universally accepted. (698) In interpretation, people owe their obedience to their social duty. In obedience to duty there exists the basis for morality and if anyone tries to make an immoral idea wholly accepted, there will be contradiction. For example if one decides to kill anyone who offends him, then everyone will do the same leading to extinction of the human race. While quoting Kants work, Gert (2007) argues that it is necessary to avoid double-standards between the actions we take and those that we

The Biology of Sleep Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Biology of peacefulness - Essay ExampleHuman beings often underestimate the importance of forty winks in their lives. Contrary to popular belief, sleep is not a passive phenomenon. It is a dynamic process during which the body recharges, recovers and recuperates. Several physiological systems of the body undergo repair while we sleep. Thus, sleep deprivation female genitals lead to serious health implications.According to the National quietude Foundation in the United States, human infants require as much as 16 hours of sleep, while human adults require about eight to nine hours of sleep every night. Women in the first 3 months of pregnancy often need several(prenominal) more hours of sleep than usual. The amount of sleep a person needs also increases if he or she has been deprived of sleep in previous days. Sleep is particularly important for the brain. Even 24 hours of continuous wakefulness can lead to reduced memory and concentration ability, hallucination and mood swing s.Precisely how sleep affects human beings is still an area of intense research. Scientists are still trying to comprehend the molecular and physiological functioning of the body in the sleeping stage. plainly studies conducted so far have only reiterated that sleep is essential for survival. One such study conducted on rats revealed that sleep deprived rats had a severely thinned life span and a breakdown in the immune system. The normal life span of rats is 2-3 years, however sleep deprived rats live for only 3 weeks. These rats develop abnormal low body temperatures and sores on their tails and paws. (Mostaghimi, 2005)Researches conducted over the ages have theorised about the possible functions of sleep. As mentioned earlier, healing and repair are twain of the key functions of sleep. A study conducted revealed that sleep hastened the healing process of burn wounds in rats. (Gumustekin et al, 2004) Sleep also forms an important means of animation conservation in particular when a person is ill. This probably happens because cytokines, chemicals our immune systems produce while fighting an infection, are powerful sleep-inducing chemicals. Sleep may help the body conserve zippo and other resources that the immune system needs to mount an attack. The body is in a quiescent stage while sleeping and considerably less energy is spent in the physiological functioning of the body. Sleep might also be an anabolic state marked by physiological processes of growth and greening of the organisms immune, nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems (with some exceptions). When a person is in deep sleep, growth hormones are released in the body. Also, proteins, which form the building blocks of the body, are produced in large numbers game during sleep. The most important function underway in a sleeping human being is memory processing. Scientists have successfully correlated sleep to memory. Sleep helps the brain commit new information to memory through a process calle d memory consolidation. More specifically, working memory was shown to be adversely alter by sleep deprivation. Working memory keeps information active for further processing and supports higher-level cognitive functions such as decision making, reasoning, and episodic memory. (Turner, 2007) Stages of Sleep A human being usually passes through five stages of sleep. The first four stages can be

Performence and reward answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performence and quit answers - Essay Exampleals include high volunteer retention level, the where the follows going it could do that by defining appropriate processes, the how the companys going to get there. These could include award ceremonies to recognize and reward good performers, or set policies on how to conduct appraisals of performance. Finally, the Content Level, or the what needed to achieve the goal, for these could simply include managing difficult behavior of the volunteers or setting their goals. This approach is followed by companies throughout the world, including Microsoft.In the review process, a rater or raters evaluate the performance of the employees. All employees be given goals and targets to achieve. These expected results are compared with the actual results and the individual employee is evaluated based on the targets he could achieve or perhaps, exceed. This performance appraisal is a good source of motivation for employees when salary increases, bonus es, and so on are tied with it. It builds up a sense of trust between the employees and the employers and encourages employees to work harder and more efficiently. (Bauer & Erdogan, 1969)However, it is also possible that the appraisal process backfires. If it is not through accurately and the right kind of work and employees are not appreciated, employees would be highly frustrated and de-motivated resulting in dissatisfaction, low morale, and high turnover rate. (Bauer & Erdogan, 1969)There are theories that relate to the needs that employees have and it is important for managers and organizations as whole to understand these needs and cater to them. The Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory talks nearly the five differnet levels of needs for individuals and how these needs act as motivators for them (Wagner). The five levels, starting from the bottom, are psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization. Once a level is achieved by an indi vidual, those

Report on Religious Field Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Report on Religious Field Research - Essay ExampleBoundless light is both deal and the element of love past the individual or human beings. This activity is not designed by any individual or for any individual. Boundless light is every(prenominal) inclusive. It argues that actual nature entails displaying everything and every individual as absolute love, and one of the forms of love involves the soul (Hagen, 1998). The soul also acknowledges that it is the expression of the love of real nature. In addition, meditation has been identified as a core part of the Buddhist religion. It is not clear the number of Christians who pray, but a large number of Buddhists wholly through history have not engaged in meditation. Until recent times, mediation has been perceived as a basic activity and is solely proficient by specified monks. Moreover, the Buddha largely laid emphasis on meditation, but a number of traditions, for example, the pure land engage in minimal or no meditation in their activities (Brodd, 2003). This paper will be a report on religious field research. The paper will discuss person-to-person misconceptions on Buddhism, analyze how my previous understanding active Buddhism was changed through my encounter, discuss whether misconceptions about the religion of other people are widespread and an explanation on why or why not, and recommend a minimum of one action that could help lessen misconceptions individuals have about other peoples religion. Question 1 There are a number of misconceptions that I have had about Buddhism. One, that chanting is useless and meaningless. In contrast, Buddhist recitation or chanting contains explicit meanings with specified uses. There are also numerous forms of recitations. The recitation involving loving-kindness helps in passing loving-kindness to other human. Chanting also helps during meditation. It helps the mind in developing concentration (Hagen, 1998). Two, that Buddha is a god. Conversely, Buddhism does not f ollow the notion of God that is widespread to the monotheistic beliefs. Buddhists hold the belief that all individuals have the power to get down a Buddha. Three, that it is difficult to understand nibbana. In simple terms, nibbana refers to independence from the fundamental reasons of all suffering the incorrect notion that people exists autonomously as a non-changing and innate self. Nibbana illustrates the dousing of all delusion, hatred, and greed, causing extraordinary peace and clarity (Hagen, 1998). Three, that everything should be blamed on kamma. Conversely, kamma does not involve fatalism. Kamma refers to peoples choice denotative as actions of speech, body, or mind. What individuals defendly go through, both pleasant and awful, are determined by the actions and thoughts of the individual in the past. Identically, what individuals will go through in the future is determined by their actions and thoughts in the present. A persons kamma constantly changes based on how th e individual act and think in the present times (Hagen, 1998). Four, women are mediocre and is punishment to be born a woman. In contrast, Buddhism does not perceive women to be inferior to their male counterparts. Buddha was clear about treating both men and women in the same way. Buddha included females in the Sangha in spite of severe oppositions. Question 2 My previous understanding of Buddhism was changed through the encounter. First, I developed listening techniques so that I could hear what

Ancient culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ancient culture - Essay ExampleAlso, the civilizations were laddered and followed through a hierarchy. The kings called for extending their territories, hence, subsequently formed a territorial organization that guaranteed their ascendancy and supremacy. The archeozoic civilizations have expanded to the following civilizations with the emergence of Greece that greatly influenced the Roman Empire that survived for roughly 1,300 years.Last Name 2 recovered are the Warka Vase, the Mycenae and the Capitoline Wolf. The Warka Vase or alternatively called as Uruk Vase, is a carved alabaster stone vessel found in the temple complex of the Sumerian goddess Inanna. It is deemed to be one of the oldest extant works that was believed to have preponderantly existed from 3,200 to 3000 BC. It was carved with symbolical details like some cultivated grains, oxen and nude males that implied thievery and renewal. The second artwork is the Mycenae which is an archaeological spot in Greece. It is harde ned about 90 km south west and is bounded by two Greek cities Argos in the south and Corinth which is 48 km towards the north. Its name, Mycenae, was actually a re-enacted name for its ancient name Mukanai. Albeit it was erected by the people of Greece, its name was taken from some pre-Greek settlers. The third and last artwork is the Capitoline Wolf. It is one of the most symbolical artworks during the prehistoric times. It is a 5th century BC Etruscan statue that is made of bronze cast in the lower Tiber valley. On it is a female wolf suckling a pair of human twin boys, representing the legendary founders of the city of Rome.All three artworks were identical in motive, that is, essentially symbolical in nature that depicts supreme powers as well as exploitation and an accompanying reformation on the ancient civilizations. Nevertheless, unlike the Warka Vase and the Capitoline Wolf, the second

Cross-functional Communication Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Cross-functional Communication - Term Paper ExampleThe intention of this study is conference as one of the vital management activities upon which intimately of its functions are based. This is a medium that links human resources and organization formally and informally through various bring/media. Successful organizations follow well-established modes of communication through which they prescribe and describe organizational policies, procedures, systems, and work processes through these media, managers ensure organizational goals are accomplished through their employees these communication modes also help in delivering organizational ideas to the customers and also in earning customers. However, these formal and informal modes of communication have specific functions in specific areas. Linking these specific functions to the wellbeing of all organizational areas is the aim of cross-functional communication, which has become extremely important for organizations to sustain and co mpete in contemporary business world that is driven by fast-paced communication processes and globalization. Basically, a business encompasses various organizational activities such as operations or production of gods/services, human resources management, marketing and sales activities, finance and budgeting, engine room and systems development, and research and development. To perform these activities, management carries out five main functions namely planning, organizing, leading, and controlling in every organizational activity. Organizational success depends upon the amount of wage generated through employees contribution, effectiveness of technology, systems, procedures, marketing and sales activities. ... functional communication to management Basically, a business encompasses various organizational activities such as operations or production of gods/services, human resources management, marketing and sales activities, finance and budgeting, technology and systems developmen t, and research and development. To perform these activities, management carries out five main functions namely planning, organizing, leading, and controlling in every organizational activity. Organizational success depends upon the amount of profits generated through employees contribution, effectiveness of technology, systems, procedures, marketing and sales activities. This means all organizational activities have to be efficient in order to achieved desired outcomes and profits. Moreover, each of these organizational activities is meant to complement each other in their objectives and work together so that overall organizational efficiency is constantly improved. In this sense, communication between different functions becomes strategically important for data sharing, understanding and providing feedback so that every function obtains information, uses relevant information from other departments and also improves upon developmental areas. From operations perspective, various op erational activities within the function require cross-functional communication besides cross-functional communication with other departments. The theory of constraints (TOC) postulates that most of the constraints in organizational functioning originate from policies and not physical entities. The policies tend to create obstacles, which are hard to identify and/or break, unlike physical entities (Dettmer, 1997). In addition, the TOC emphasizes the need for clarity before attempting to identify causes and

Company Analysis J Sainsbury Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Company Analysis J Sainsbury Ltd - Essay ExampleAnalysis and evaluation of the business strategy that J Sainsbury Ltd has pursued using Bowmans strategical clock Bowmans strategic clock, as presented in Figure 1, Appendix is workoutd for the identification of strategies that promote effectively the organizational goals (Rosenhauer 2008,p.11). ace of the key challenges in calculate to the use of the Bowmans strategic clock is the following(a) one the identification of the appropriate strategy, among the strategies included in the to a higher place model, is often difficult, especially if the priorities of the organizations are not clear. According to Muller (2011) organizations can use the Bowmans strategic clock for identifying strategies that are most workable having in mind the resources available and each organizations internal and out-of-door environment. The Bowmans strategic clock is based on the following principle each organization should choose strategies that most re spond to the plans of the organizations in regard to the value and price of its products/ services (Needle 2010, p.281). Using the Bowmans strategic clock, the strategic choices of Sainsburys could be analysed as follows as noted in the object lesson study, the firm is among the four key players in the British grocery retail sector (case study, p.1). ... ne the identification of the appropriate strategy, among the strategies included in the above model, is often difficult, especially if the priorities of the organizations are not clear. According to Muller (2011) organizations can use the Bowmans strategic clock for identifying strategies that are most feasible having in mind the resources available and each organizations internal and external environment. The Bowmans strategic clock is based on the following principle each organization should choose strategies that most respond to the plans of the organizations in regard to the value and price of its products/ services (Needle 201 0, p.281). Using the Bowmans strategic clock, the strategic choices of Sainsburys could be analysed as follows as noted in the case study, the firm is among the four key players in the British grocery retail sector (case study, p.1). The above fact can lead to the following assumption the finicky sector in Britain can be characterized as oligopolistic, allowing the growth of specific firms. From this point of view, the separate no 6, 7 and 8 of the Bowmans strategic clock cannot be applied in Sainsburys, since the strategies incorporated in these parts are feasible in monopolistic industries (Figure 1, Appendix). The potential use of the other parts of the strategic clock would be further explored. Part 1 is characterized by both low price and added value. Such strategy would lead to the decrease of flavour of the firms products towards its competitors that have managed to promote products of satisfactory value at a low price. It is made clear that the strategy that most responds to the firms strategic choices is that of the second part of Bowmans clock. The specific strategy is based on the following two

Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Safety - Essay ExampleThe first step I allow consider as a preventative professional is to review the firms past synthetic rubber issues. By knowing the weak areas, I preempt easily identify the precise throw in to start implementing new sentry duty measures. It is also important that I ensure direct access to the top manager in the manufacturing plant, since lack of management buy-in may make the safety initiatives not long lasting. I should also have access to every work area and department, and must question employees freely for the intend of randomness gathering. Regular status report will be prepared so that I can update supervision on current safety proposals and identify areas that should be improved on (Pradeep 8). Record keeping and documentation will help me to give written evidence provided by the new safety program to show positive results and also to protect the firm incase of a safety inquiry or when a lawsuit is filed. I can also include consultants cite testi ng to determine employee preservation of safety information. According to Janicak, (182), a manufacturing plant needs some OSHA regulations applicable to it as not all the regulations apply. To determine the type of regulation, I will first consider the types of products that are cosmos manufactured by this plant. For example, if the company deals with chemicals, then OSHA regulations dealing with chemicals will be applied, while if the plant does not deal with chemicals, then different regulations will be followed. By clearly reading the regulations from the OSHA website, I will make use of my knowledge that every type of manufacturing plant has some regulations to follow and thus will reform the old ones and update the newest on a regular basis. To be an effective advocate for safety in an organization, I need to stay firmly in charge by letting all the employees know that I am concerned and doing all I can to create a safety environment (Gail 30). Taking my time as their repres entative by being close to them and being inquisitive on how they are doing will demonstrate good safety leadership. A good safety leader also shares information with the employees immediately they are available and encourage employees to talk freely about their painful experience in the workplace. Exercise 2 Voluntary Protection Programs OSHA created a VPP to recognize industrial firms that show exemplary health and safety programs, exceeding the least requirement put up by the Code of Federal Regulations. As a safety professional, I would advocate that our manufacturing plant strive to be recognized as a VPP star company. This is for the reason that the firm has a province to train workers, watch their health status, and correct issues related to safety. This will ensure that the workplace and the environment are free of any possible risks or require engineering directions to be implemented, that is, use of protective equipment to limit existing and known hazards. It is also impo rtant for continual improvement safety and health training and recognizes excellence in the programs offered by the company. Advantages of a company being involved in VPP Some of the advantages of the company being involved in VPP include reduced employees salary cost, improved motivation for employees to work safely, resulting in better productivity and quality, recognition in the industry and community, and improvement in existing safety and health programs ( Manuele 235). Disadvantages OSHA has located compliance criteria that

Social Impact of Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Impact of Technology - Research Paper ExampleAs one of the issues of technology, this theater of operations will generally focus on electronic media and its impact to the society.Electronic media is generally media that uses electromechanical energy or electronics for the target audience to access the information. As a technological issue of development in the present world, electronic media has various familiar sources, which are general to the public. Some of the common sources of electronic media take video recordings, multimedia presentations and audio recordings.Electronic media as a technological issue first rose into prominence in late 1870s and has been changing with the advances in technology. Technological revolution, which occurred in late 1880s, played a big role in revolutionizing mass media and in this context electronic media. Moving to electronic media during the 20th century generally ensured that communication would be ubiquitous and faster. On the other h and, electronic media as a technological form remains secern of an evolutionary progression.The introduction of electronic media in the society was welcomed across the globe. This was a major step technologically and, therefore, meant the society was changing in terms of how it looks on things. It also meant there were improvements in terms of the existing technological advances already in place. Electronic media was developed for entertainment purposes. Alternatively, electronic media was developed for social advancement and an easier communication aspect in the society. The emergence of global societies has also played a key for the development of technology. The emergence of these societies necessitated the need to connect people and the origination of global communities.Long before, any form of technology across the globe. During this period, human career was restricted because of technology applications unavailability. Human beings never got to enjoy luxurious life as that of the modern societies (Schmeikal, 45).

Torts - Contracts - Employment Law .. Discussions Essay

Torts - Contracts - Employment Law .. Discussions - Essay ExampleFor a conduct to be deemed tortious, it essential contain some particular characteristics. Without these features, an act might not be considered as a tort. While the society is still evolving new forms of torts are wince to be created, while the seemingly uncivilized or unworthy torts might be abolished. For example, negligence used to be a very broad phraseology that implied to any form of breach of the peace, although it has evolved to become a separate entity. To some extent laws to do with torts have changed over time with respect to case law. For instance, it is done successive cases that legal principles come to be created or developed. (Dolinger, 14)The main purpose of having a contract is to create an agreement that the parties have established and to fix the rights and duties, correspond to that particular agreement. Moreover, courts of law are often brought on board to enforce a valid contract as it was established. However, it must be understood that contrary contracts are treated differently with varying circumstances. For a contract to be formed, all the circumstances must be assessed to see if the snaper has given an offer, and if the offeree, has agreed that particular offer. Furthermore, in an event of a breach of contract the involved parties are allowed to sue. However, this must also happen in certain circumstances, such as within the statute of limitations. Statutes of limitations refer to laws that establish the deadline, within which a claim or lawsuit may be filed. Although more than often, contracts deadlines vary based on the circumstances of the case, the nature of the case, geographic location, and whether the claim or suit is filed in state or federal. This is just a snip of circumstances that normally revolve around contracts. (Chirelstein, 139)Due to the increasing workplace discrimination, there have been a lot of outcries to expand protected

Transition Economy of Brazil Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Transition Economy of Brazil - Research Paper modelingThe success story of Hungary, Russia, Poland and China shows that former communist countries can create growth from the ruins and limitations of socialism. In Poland, a decentralized and comprehensive approach to the twin problems of chamfer and enterprise restructuring proved effective in transforming its economy and establishing the foundations for sustained economic growth. During the 1991-97 period, nonperforming loans declined and the number of creditworthy enterprises rose substantially. As for Russia, the largest post-communist transition economy of them all, it endeavored to establish conceptive fiscal and monetary controls as its bedrock of macroeconomic stability. These served as levers to check imbalances in public sector financing. Russia learned its lesson well from an earlier financial crisis when the inept growth of soft loans skewed its market (Dunn, 2006). The non-collateralized loans had been liberally grante d to state-owned enterprises that could not afford to pay them back. All the transition economies realized early the importance of privatization to adjourn the state monopolies that characterized the former communist countries. In Brazil, vital industries and services like oil, gas, telecommunications and postal service used to be under state monopolies. A serial of constitutional amendments were taken up in 1995 and 1996 to do away with the distinctions in nationalized and foreign companies, thus effectively lifting the government stranglehold on these industries.

Customer Perception on advertising Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer Perception on advertising - Article ExampleThis analyze Perception and Consumer Actions outlines the effect of the advertising on the customers and how the consumers should be treated through analyzing four different articles. The first article which will be analyzed is titled, The cause of Consumer Perception of Store Attributes on Apparel Store Preferences reveals the concomitant that four distinct variables with respect to store preference type of clothing in stock, extraneous store appearance, shopping hours, and advertising. Interestingly, the overall level of impact that these attributes had on store preference varied more widely between stores than researchers at first judge (Paulins and Geistfeld 380). This leads the researcher to infer that different expectations could be a primary motivator that helps to further define and constrain these secondary perceptions. Oftentimes, when analysts seek to draw inference upon a specific topic, they already assume that wha t is being measured is necessarily the primarily important metric. Due to the fact that the reserachers of this particular article approached the issue aware of the fact that other motivations and impacts could have paved the way for the perceptions to be measured in a certain way, this research approach bears a great deal of readiness in seeking to define the entire process of consumer perception.A secondary article that will be analyzed and discussed within this brief analysis is that of one and only(a) entitled Advertised versus unexpected next purchase coupons consumer satisfaction, perceptions of value, and fairness.

Marketing cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing cases - Essay ExampleThe main macro- scotch factors that influenced the Targets performance during that period were the economic and social conditions that existed among the consumers. Due to the economic recession in 2008, there was a high unemployment level and an increased inflation, which had a direct connection with the sales progeny of the company. Along with this, the purchasing power of the consumers began to deteriorate due to the decline in the income of the sizable households. With the companys products being viewed as expensive ones, it further wedged Targets revenues. However, Walmart showed a far better growth due to its cheaper prices strategy hindering the Targets upscale products.The Targets fall in less strategy was a risky one as it has to sustain its high-quality. That is, even while coping up with the changing economic conditions and its consumers attitude, it needs to counseling on quality. However, it has successfully managed to overcome through th e recession crisis and have switched towards a hopeful direction with this new strategy. Despite the high unemployment and increased inflation, Target takes an hopeful view in improving its sales through its new launches such as mini-grocery stores and up-and-up. By focusing on its pay less part, Target has for certain pursued a best strategy by retaining the quality of its products even while emphasizing on the discount part.Expanding the advertising campaigns before focusing towards reduce prices should have been the alternate strategy for Target during their decline in sales and revenue. As the company was keen on offering one stop obtain with lowered prices and improving the stores infrastructure, it did not have enough time to analyze the consumers tendency towards their products, thereby missed formulating effective advertising strategies. at once they found the

Lieducation in preliterate societies Essay Example for Free

Li information in preliterate societies EssayEducation, History of, theories, methods, and administration of schools and some other(a) agencies of information from ancient judgment of convictions to the present. Education developed from the charitable struggle for survival and enlightenment. It may be formal or informal. Informal breeding refers to the general hearty process by which human beings acquire the familiarity and learnings needed to function in their culture. starchy learning refers to the process by which teachers instruct students in courses of topic within institutions.Before the invention of reading and writing, volume lived in an environment in which they struggled to survive against earthy forces, animals, and other humans. To survive, preliterate populate developed skills that grew into ethnical and nurtureal patterns. For a particular groups culture to continue into the future, community had to transmit it, or pass it on, from adults to chil dren. The earliest educational processes involved sharing information about gathering food and providing harbor do weapons and other tools learning language and acquiring the values, behavior, and apparitional rites or practices of a given culture.Through direct, informal education, parents, elders, and priests taught children the skills and roles they would need as adults. These lessons eventually organise the moral codes that governed behavior. Since they lived before the invention of writing, preliterate people used an oral tradition, or story telling, to pass on their culture and history from angiotensin-converting enzyme coevals to the next. By using language, people learned to create and use symbols, words, or signs to ex compact their ideas. When these symbols grew into pictographs and letters, human beings created a written language and made the big cultural leap to literacy.IIIEDUCATION IN quaint AFRICA AND ASIA In ancient Egypt, which flourished from about 3000 BC to about 500 BC, priests in temple schools taught not only religion nevertheless also the principles of writing, the sciences, mathematics, and architecture. Similarly in India, priests conducted roughly of the formal education. Beginning in about 1200 BC Indian priests taught the principles of the Veda, the sacred texts of Hinduism, as well as science, grammar, and ism. Formal education in China dates to about 2000 BC, though it thrived particularly during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, from 770 to 256 BC (see China The Eastern Zhou).The curriculum stressed philosophy, poetry, and religion, in lot with the teachings of Confucius, Laozi (Lao-tzu), and other philosophers. IVEDUCATION IN ANCIENT GREECE Historians have looked to ancient Greece as one of the origins of Western formal education. The Iliad and the Odyssey, epic poems attributed to Homer and written sometime in the eighth century BC, created a cultural tradition that gave the Greeks a sense of group identity. In their dram atic account of Greek struggles, Homers epics served definitive educational purposes.The legendary Greek warriors depicted in Homers work, such as Agamemnon, Odysseus, and Achilles, were heroes who served as models for the young Greeks. Ancient Greece was divided into low and often competing city-states, or poleis, such as capital of Greece, Sparta, and Thebes. Athens punctuate a humane and democratic caller and education, but only about one-third of the people in Athens were free citizens. Slaves and residents from other countries or city-states made up the rest of the population. Only the sons of free citizens attended school.The Athenians believed a free man should have a heavy(p) education in order to perform his polite duties and for his give personal development. The education of women depended upon the customs of the particular Greek city-state. In Athens, where women had no legal or economic rights, most women did not attend school. about girls, however, were educate d at home by tutors. Slaves and other noncitizens had either no formal education or very little. Sparta, the chief political enemy of Athens, was a dictatorship that used education for military educate and drill.In contrast to Athens, Spartan girls received to a greater extent schooling but it was almost exclusively athletic training to prepare them to be healthy mothers of future Spartan soldiers. In the 400s BC, the Sophists, a group of wandering teachers, began to teach in Athens. The Sophists claimed that they could teach any subject or skill to anyone who wished to learn it. They specialized in teaching grammar, logic, and rhetoric, subjects that eventually formed the core of the bounteous arts.The Sophists were much inte be in preparing their students to argue persuasively and winarguments than in teaching principles of truth and morality. Unlike the Sophists, the Greek philosopher Socrates sought to discover and teach general principles of truth, beauty, and goodness.Soc rates, who died in 399 BC, claimed that true knowledge existed within everyone and needed to be brought to consciousness. His educational method, called the Socratic method, consisted of asking probing questions that forced his students to think deeply about the message of life, truth, and justice. In 387 BC Plato, who had studied under Socrates, established a school in Athens called the Academy.Plato believed in an unchanging world of perfect ideas or ordinary concepts. He asserted that since true knowledge is the same in every place at every time, education, like truth, should be unchanging. Plato described his educational nonpareil in the Re domain, one of the most notable plant of Western philosophy. Platos Republic describes a model society, or republic, ruled by highly respectable philosopher-kings. Warriors arrive at up the republics second class of people. The lowest class, the workers, show food and the other products for all the people of the republic.In Platos ide al educational system, each class would receive a different kind of instruction to prepare for their various roles in society. In 335 BC Platos student, Aristotle, founded his own school in Athens called the Lyceum. Believing that human beings are essentially rational, Aristotle thought people could discover natural laws that governed the universe and then follow these laws in their lives. He also concluded that educated people who used reason to make decisions would lead a life of moderation in which they avoided dangerous extremes.In the 4th century BC Greek orator Isocrates developed a method of education knowing to prepare students to be competent orators who could serve as government officials. Isocratess students studied rhetoric, politics, ethics, and history.They examined model orations and practiced public speaking. Isocratess methods of education directly influenced such romish educational theorists as Cicero and Quintilian. VEDUCATION IN ANCIENT ROME While the Greeks we re developing their civilization in the areas surrounding the eastern Mediterranean Sea, the Romans were gaining control of the Italian peninsula and areas of the western Mediterranean.The Greeks education focused on the study of philosophy. The Romans, on the other hand, were preoccupied with war, conquest, politics, and civil administration. As in Greece, only a minority of Romans attended school. Schooling was for those who had the money to pay tuition and the time to attend classes. While girls from wealthy families occasionally learned to read and write at home, boys attended a patriarchal school, called aludus. In secondary schools boys studied Latin and Greek grammar taught by Greek slaves, called pedagogues.After autochthonic and secondary school, wealthy young men often attended schools of rhetoric or oratory that watchful them to be leaders in government and administration. Cicero, a 1st century BC Roman senator, combined Greek and Roman ideas on how to educate orators in his book De Oratore. Like Isocrates, Cicero believed orators should be educated in liberal arts subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, logic, mathematics, and astronomy. He also asserted that they should study ethics, military science, natural science, geography, history, and law.Quintilian, an influential Roman pedagog who lived in the 1st century AD, wrote that education should be based on the stages of individual development from puerility to adulthood. Quintilian devised specific lessons for each stage. He also advised teachers to make their lessons suited to the students readiness and ability to learn new-fangled material. He urged teachers to motivate students by making learning interesting and attractive. VIANCIENT JEWISH EDUCATION Education among the Jewish people also had a profound influence on Western learning.The ancient Jews had great respect for the printed word and believed that God revealed truth to them in the Bible. Most information on ancient Jewish goals and me thods of education comes from the Bible and the Talmud, a book of religious and civil law. Jewish religious leaders, known as rabbis, advised parents to teach their children religious beliefs, law, ethical practices, and dutyal skills. Both boys and girls were introduced to religion by studying the Torah, the most sacred document of Judaism. Rabbis taught in schools within synagogues, places of worship and religious study.VIIMEDIEVAL EDUCATIONDuring the Middle Ages, or the medieval period, which lasted roughly from the 5th to the 15th century, Western society and education were heavily shaped by Christianity, particularly the Roman Catholic Church. The Church operated parish, chapel, and monastery schools at the elementary level. Schools in monasteries and cathedrals offered secondary education. Much of the teaching in these schools was directed at learning Latin, the old Roman language used by the church in its ceremonies and teachings. The church provided some limited opportuniti es for the education of women in religious communities or convents.Convents had libraries and schools to help prepare nuns to follow the religious rules of their communities. Merchant and craft guilds also maintained some schools that provided basic education and training in specific crafts. Knights received training in military tactics and the code of chivalry. As in the Greek and Roman eras, only a minority of people went to school during the medieval period. Schools were attended primarily by persons planning to enter religious life such as priests, monks, or nuns. The vast majority of people were serfs who served as agricultural workers on the estates of feudal lords.The serfs, who did not attend school, were generally illiterate (see Serfdom). In the 10th and early eleventh centuries, Arabic learning had a pronounced influence on Western education. From contact with Arab scholars in North Africa and Spain, Western educators learned new ways of thinking about mathematics, natura l science, medicine, and philosophy. The Arabic number system was peculiarly important, and became the foundation of Western arithmetic. Arab scholars also preserved and translated into Arabic the works of such influential Greek scholars as Aristotle, Euclid, Galen, and Ptolemy.Because many of these works had disappeared from Europe by the Middle Ages, they might have been lost forever if Arab scholars such as Avicenna and Averroes had not preserved them. In the 11th century medieval scholars developed Scholasticism, a philosophical and educational movement that used both human reason and revelations from the Bible. Upon encountering the works of Aristotle and other Greek philosophers from Arab scholars, the Scholastics essay to reconcile Christian theology with Greek philosophy.Scholasticism reached its high point in the Summa Theologiae of Saint Thomas Aquinas, a 13th century Dominican theologiser who taught at the University of Paris. Aquinas reconciled the authority of religio us faith, represented by the Scriptures, with Greek reason, represented by Aristotle. Aquinas described the teachers vocation as one that combines faith, love, and learning. The work of Aquinas and other Scholastics took place in the medieval institutions of higher education, the universities.The famous European universities of Paris, Salerno, Bologna, Oxford, Cambridge, and Padua grew out of the Scholastics-led intellectual revival of the twelfth and 13th centuries. The name university comes from the Latin word universitas, or associations, in reference to the associations that students and teachers organized to discuss academic issues. Medieval universities offered degrees in the liberal arts and in professional studies such as theology, law, and medicine. VIIIEDUCATION DURING THE RENAISSANCE The Renaissance, or rebirth of learning, began in Europe in the 14th century and reached its height in the 15th century.Scholars became to a greater extent interested in the humanist features that is, the secular or worldly rather than the religious aspectsof the Greek and Latin classics. Humanist educators found their models of literary style in the classics. The Renaissance was a particularly powerful force in Italy, most notably in art, literature, and architecture. In literature, the works of such Italian writers as Dante Aleghieri, Petrarch, and Giovanni Boccaccio became oddly important. Humanist educators designed teaching methods to prepare well-rounded, liberally educated persons.Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus was particularly influential. Erasmus believed that registering and conversing about the meaning of literature was more important than memorizing it, as had been required at many of the medieval religious schools. He advised teachers to study such fields as archaeology, astronomy, mythology, history, and Scripture. The invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century made books more widely open and increased literacy rates (see Printing). But s chool attending did not increase greatly during the Renaissance. simple-minded schools educated middle-class children while lower-class children received little, if any, formal schooling. Children of the nobility and upper classes attended humanist secondary schools. Educational opportunities for women improved slightly during the Renaissance, especially for the upper classes. Some girls from wealthy families attended schools of the royal court or received private lessons at home. The curriculum studied by young women was assuage based on the belief that only certain subjects, such as art, music, needlework, dancing, and poetry, were suited for females.For working-class girls, especially rural peasants, education was still limited to training in household duties such as cooking and sewing. IXEDUCATION DURING THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION The religious Reformation of the 16th century marked a decline in the authority of the Catholic Church and contributed to the emergence of the middl e classes in Europe. Protestant religious social reformers, such as John Calvin, Martin Luther, and Huldreich Zwingli, rejected the authority of the Catholic pope and created reformed Christian, or Protestant, churches.In their ardent determination to instruct followers to read the Bible in their native language, reformers extended literacy to the masses. They established vernacular primary schools that offered a basic curriculum of reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion for children in their own language. Vernacular schools in England, for example, used English to teach their pupils. As they argued with each other and with the Roman Catholics on religious matters, Protestant educators wrote catechismsprimary books that summarized their religious doctrinein a question and answer format.While the vernacular schools educated both boys and girls at the primary level, tweedy boys attended preparatory and secondary schools that continued to emphasize Latin and Greek. The gymnasium in Germany, the Latin grammar school in England, and the lycee in France were preparatory schools that taught young men the classical languages of Latin and Greek required to enter universities. Martin Luther believed the state, family, and school, along with the church, were leaders of the Reformation. Since the family shaped childrens character, Luther encouraged parents to teach their children reading and religion.Each family should pray together, read the Bible, study the catechism, and practice a useful trade. Luther believed that government should assist schools in educating literate, productive, and religious citizens. One of Luthers colleagues, German religious reformer Melanchthon, wrote the school code for the German region of Wurttemberg, which became a model for other regions of Germany and influenced education throughout Europe. According to this code, the government was responsible for supervising schools and licensing teachers.The Protestant reformers retained the dua l-class school system that had developed in the Renaissance. Vernacular schools provided primary instruction for the lower classes, and the various classical humanist and Latin grammar schools hustling upper-class males for higher education. XEDUCATIONAL THEORY IN THE 17TH CENTURY Educators of the 17th century developed new ways of thinking about education. Czech education reformer Jan Komensky, known as Comenius, was particularly influential. A bishop of the Moravian Church, Comenius escaped religious persecution by taking refuge in Poland, Hungary, Sweden, and The Netherlands.He created a new educational philosophy called Pansophism, or universal knowledge, designed to bring about worldwide understanding and peace. Comenius advised teachers to use childrens senses rather than memorization in instruction. To make learning interesting for children, he wrote The Gate of Tongues Unlocked (1631), a book for teaching Latin in the students own language. He also wrote Orbis Sensualium Pi ctus (1658 The palpable World in Pictures, 1659) consisting of illustrations that labeled objects in both their Latin and vernacular names. It was one of the first illustrated books written especially for children.The work of English philosopher John Locke influenced education in Britain and North America. Locke examined how people acquire ideas in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690). He asserted that at birth the human mind is a blank slate, or tabula rasa, and empty of ideas. We acquire knowledge, he argued, from the information about the objects in the world that our senses bring to us. We get with simple ideas and then combine them into more complex ones. Locke believed that individuals acquire knowledge most easily when they first consider simple ideas and then gradually combine them into more complex ones.In Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1697), Locke recommended mulish learning to prepare people to manage their social, economic, and political affairs effici ently. He believed that a sound education began in early childhood and insisted that the teaching of reading, writing, and arithmetic be gradual and cumulative. Lockes curriculum included conversational learning of foreign languages, especially French, mathematics, history, physical education, and games. XIEDUCATION DURING THE ENLIGHTENMENT The Age of depth in the 18th century produced important changes in education and educational theory.During the Enlightenment, also called the Age of Reason, educators believed people could improve their lives and society by using their reason, their powers of captious thinking. The Enlightenments ideas had a significant impact on the American Revolution (1775-1783) and early educational policy in the get together States. In particular, American philosopher and scientist Benjamin Franklin emphasized the value of utilitarian and scientific education in American schools. Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, stressed the im portance of civic education to the citizens of a democratic nation.The Enlightenment principles that considered education as an instrument of social reform and improvement remain fundamental characteristics of American education policy. XIIEDUCATION IN THE 19TH CENTURY The foundations of modern education were established in the nineteenth century. Swiss educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, inspired by the work of French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau, developed an educational method based on the natural world and the senses. Pestalozzi established schools in Switzerland and Germany to educate children and train teachers.He affirmed that schools should resemble secure and love homes. Like Locke and Rousseau, Pestalozzi believed that thought began with sensation and that teaching should use the senses. Holding that children should study the objects in their natural environment, Pestalozzi developed a so-called object lesson that involved exercises in learning form, number, and lan guage. Pupils determined and traced an objects form, counted objects, and named them. Students progressed from these lessons to exercises in drawing, writing, adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing, and reading.Pestalozzi employed the following principles in teaching (1) begin with the concrete object before introducing abstract concepts (2) begin with the immediate environment before dealing with what is distant and remote (3) begin with easy exercises before introducing complex ones and (4) always proceed gradually, cumulatively, and slowly. American educator enthalpy Barnard, the first U. S. Commissioner of Education, introduced Pestalozzis ideas to the United States in the late 19th century. Barnard also worked for the establishment of free public high schools for students of all classes of American society.German philosopher Johann Herbart emphasized moral education and designed a highly structured teaching technique. Maintaining that educations primary goal is moral develo pment, Herbart claimed good character rested on knowledge while misconduct resulted from an inadequate education. Knowledge, he said, should create an apperceptive massa network of ideasin a persons mind to which new ideas can be added. He wanted to include history, geography, and literature in the school curriculum as well as reading, writing, and arithmetic. found on his work, Herbarts followers designed a five-step teaching method (1) prepare the pupils to be ready for the new lesson, (2) present the new lesson, (3) associate the new lesson with ideas studied earlier, (4) use examples to illustrate the lessons major points, and (5) test pupils to ensure they had learned the new lesson. AKindergarten German educator Friedrich Froebel created the earliest kindergarten, a form of preschool education that literally means childs garden in German. Froebel, who had an unhappy childhood, urged teachers to think back to their own childhoods to find insights they could use in their teachin g.Froebel studied at Pestalozzis institute in Yverdon, Switzerland, from 1808 to 1810. While agreeing with Pestalozzis emphasis on the natural world, a kindly school atmosphere, and the object lesson, Froebel felt that Pestalozzis method was not philosophical enough. Froebel believed that every childs inner self contained a spiritual essencea spark of divine energythat enabled a child to learn independently. In 1837 Froebel opened a kindergarten in Blankenburg with a curriculum that featured songs, stories, games, gifts, and occupations.The songs and stories stimulated the imaginations of children and introduced them to folk heroes and cultural values. Games developed childrens social and physical skills. By playing with each other, children learned to come in in a group. Froebels gifts, including such objects as spheres, cubes, and cylinders, were designed to enable the child to understand the concept that the object represented. Occupations consisted of materials children could u se in building activities. For example, clay, sand, cardboard, and sticks could be used to build castles, cities, and mountains.Immigrants from Germany brought the kindergarten concept to the United States, where it became part of the American school system. Margarethe Meyer Schurz opened a German-language kindergarten in Watertown, Wisconsin, in 1855. Elizabeth Peabody established an English-language kindergarten and a training school for kindergarten teachers in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1860. William Torrey Harris, superintendent of schools in St. Louis, Missouri, and later a U. S. commissioner of education, made the kindergarten part of the American public school system.BSocial DarwinismBritish sociologist Herbert Spencer strongly influenced education in the mid-19th century with social theories based on the theory of evolution developed by British naturalist Charles Darwin. Spencer revised Darwins biological theory into social Darwinism, a body of ideas that applied the theory of evolution to society, politics, the economy, and education. Spencer maintained that in modern modify societies, as in earlier simpler societies, the fittest individuals of each generation survived because they were intelligent and adaptable. Competition caused the brightest and strongest individuals to climb to the top of the society.Urging unlimited competition, Spencer wanted government to restrict its activities to the severe minimum. He opposed public schools, claiming that they would create a monopoly for mediocrity by catering to students of low ability. He wanted private schools to compete against each other in trying to attract the brightest students and most capable teachers. Spencers social Darwinism became very popular in the last half of the 19th century when industrialisation was changing American and Western European societies. Spencer believed that people in industrialized society needed scientific rather than classical education.Emphasizing education in practica l skills, he advocated a curriculum featuring lessons in five basic human activities (1) those needed for self-preservation such as health, diet, and exercise (2) those needed to perform ones occupation so that a person can earn a living, including the basic skills of reading, writing, computation, and knowledge of the sciences (3) those needed for parenting, to raise children properly (4) those needed to participate in society and politics and (5) those needed for leisure and recreation. Spencers ideas on education were eagerly accepted in the United States.In 1918 the Cardinal Principles of secondary winding Education, a report issued by the National Education Association, used Spencers list of activities in its recommendations for American education. XIIINATIONAL SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION In the 19th century, governments in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, and other European countries organized national systems of public education. The United States, Canada, Argentina, Urug uay, and other countries in North and South America also established national education systems based largely on European models. AIn the United Kingdom.The Church of England and other churches often operated primary schools in the United Kingdom, where students paid a small fee to study the Bible, catechism, reading, writing, and arithmetic. In 1833 the British Parliament passed a law that gave some government funds to these schools. In 1862 the United Kingdom established a school grant system, called payment by results, in which schools received funds based on their students performance on reading, writing, and arithmetic tests. The Education Act of 1870, called the Forster Act, reliable local government boards to establish public board schools.The United Kingdom then had two schools systems board schools operated by the government and voluntary schools conducted by the churches and other private organizations. In 1878 the United Kingdom passed laws that limited child labor in fa ctories and made it possible for more children to attend school. To make schooling available to working-class children, many schools with limited public and private funds used observeial methods of instruction. Monitorial education, developed by British educators Joseph Lancaster and Andrew Bell, used student monitors to conduct lessons.It offered the fledgling public education system the advantage of allowing schools to hire fewer teachers to instruct the large number of new students. Schools featuring monitorial education used older boys, called monitors, who were more advanced in their studies, to teach younger children. Monitorial education concentrated on basic skillsreading, writing, and arithmeticthat were broken down into small parts or units. After a monitor had learned a unitsuch as spelling words of two or three letters that began with the letter Ahe would, under the master teachers supervision, teach this unit to a group of students.By the end of the 19th century, the m onitorial system was abandoned in British schools because it provided a very limited education. BIn Russia Russian tsar Alexander II initiated education reforms leading to the Education Statute of 1864. This law created zemstvos, local government units, which operated primary schools. In addition to zemstvo schools, the Russian Orthodox Church conducted parish schools. While the number of children attending school slowly increased, most of Russias population remained illiterate.Peasants often refused to level their children to school so that they could work on the farms. More boys attended school than girls since many peasant parents considered female education unnecessary. Fearing that too much education would make people discontented with their lives, the tsars government provided only limited schooling to instill political loyalty and religious piety. CIn the United States Before the 19th century elementary and secondary education in the United States was organized on a local or regional level. Nearly all schools operated on private funds exclusively.However, beginning in the 1830s and 1840s, American educators such as Henry Barnard and Horace Mann argued for the creation of a school system operated by individual states that would provide an equal education for all American children. In 1852 Massachusetts passed the first laws calling for free public education, and by 1918 all U. S. states had passed compulsory school attendance laws. See Public Education in the United States. XIVEDUCATION IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY At the beginning of the 20th century, the writings of Swedish feminist and educator Ellen Key influenced education around the world.Keys book Barnets arhundrade (1900 The Century of the Child,1909) was translated into many languages and inspired so-called progressive educators in various countries. Progressive education was a system of teaching that emphasized the needs and potentials of the child, rather than the needs of society or the principl es of religion. Among the influential progressive educators were Hermann Lietz and Georg Michael Kerschensteiner of Germany, Bertrand Russell of England, and Maria Montessori of Italy. AMontessoriMontessoris methods of early childhood education have become internationally popular. Trained in medicine, Montessori worked with developmentally disabled children early in her career. The results of her work were so effective that she believed her teaching methods could be used to educate all children. In 1907 Montessori established a childrens school, the Casa dei Bambini (Childrens House), for poor children from the San Lorenzo district of Rome. Here she developed a specially prepared environment that featured materials and activities based on her observations of children.She found that children enjoy mastering specific skills, prefer work to play, and can sustain concentration. She also believed that children have a power to learn independently if provided a properly stimulating environ ment. Montessoris curriculum emphasized three major classes of activity (1) practical, (2) sensory, and (3) formal skills and studies. It introduced children to such practical activities as setting the table, serving a meal, washing dishes, tying and buttoning clothing, and practicing basic social manners. Repetitive exercises developed sensory and muscular coordination.Formal skills and subjects included reading, writing, and arithmetic. Montessori designed special teaching materials to develop these skills, including laces, buttons, weights, and materials identifiable by their sound or smell. Instructors provided the materials for the children and demonstrated the lessons but allowed each child to independently learn the particular skill or behavior. In 1913 Montessori lectured in the United States on her educational method.